abstract：:The diagnosis of sleep apnea should be considered when a patient complains of snoring and excessive daytime somnolence. Middle-aged obese men are at particular risk, although apnea can occur in women and the elderly, as well as in persons who are not obese. An overnight polysomnographic sleep study can reveal the degr...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： ten Brock E,Shucard DW

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is most commonly performed for evaluation of epigastric pain, severe heartburn, chronic nausea and other dyspepsia syndromes that are not relieved by medical therapy. It should not be performed as an in-office procedure in patients with unstable angina, respiratory failure, active upper gast...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Hocutt JE Jr,Rodney WM,Zurad EG,Tucker RS,Norris T

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has redefined the threshold of concern for low-level lead toxicity, reducing it from a blood lead level of 25 micrograms per dL (1.21 mumol per L) to a blood lead level of 10 micrograms per dL (0.48 mumol per L), and has recommended universal screening of young children. ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Jorgensen FM

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Family physicians should be aware of the potential effects and complications of vasectomy so they can appropriately counsel patients seeking sterilization. Vasectomy produces anatomic, hormonal and immunologic changes and, although not substantiated by clinical studies, has been reputed to be associated with atheroscl...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Raspa RF

更新日期：1993-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Myocardial perfusion imaging with thallium-201 has been used extensively for many years in the evaluation of ischemic heart disease. It is a valuable adjunct to exercise treadmill testing and is especially helpful in evaluating cardiac perfusion in patients who have abnormal resting electrocardiograms, who are unable ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Rivitz SM,Deluca SA

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon monoxide poisoning usually results from inhalation of exhaust fumes from motor vehicles, smoke from fires or fumes from faulty heating systems. Carbon monoxide has a high affinity for hemoglobin, with which it forms carboxyhemoglobin. The resulting decrease in both oxygen-carrying capacity and oxygen release ca...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Kales SN

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traveler's diarrhea is the most common health problem in persons who visit developing countries. Dietary precautions are the mainstay of prevention. Since bacteria are responsible for 50 to 80 percent of cases of traveler's diarrhea, antibiotics are the drugs of choice for empiric therapy. Because bacteria are becomin...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Heck JE,Cohen MB

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thyroiditis is a spectrum of diseases that includes acute, subacute and chronic thyroiditis, all of which demonstrate the histologic findings of inflammation, fibrosis or lymphocytic infiltration. Acute thyroiditis is an infectious disease characterized by the abrupt onset of anterior neck pain and swelling. Subacute ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Sakiyama R

更新日期：1993-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Premature rupture of the membranes is associated with considerable neonatal and maternal morbidity when it leads to premature birth. In most cases, this condition occurs at term, does not require medical intervention and has a benign course. Although few effective preventive measures are available, the family physicia...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Greenwald JL

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although clinical evaluation remains the cornerstone in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the ancillary study of choice. An important diagnostic tool, MRI can also be used to assess disease load, activity and progression, and distinguish between acute and chronic lesi...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Rieumont MJ,DeLuca SA

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients with symptomatic lumbar disk disease may present with back pain, referred leg pain, radicular leg pain, sensory changes and leg weakness. Because neurologic deficits are commonly localized to the L5 or S1 nerve roots, evaluation of patients with such symptoms should focus on these dermatomes and muscle groups...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Gilmer HS,Papadopoulos SM,Tuite GF

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Substantial advances have been made in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Mesalamine and olsalazine are new anti-inflammatory agents that may serve as alternatives to corticosteroids and sulfasalazine, which have been the mainstays of medical therapy. These new agents are available in oral, enema and suppos...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Hastings GE,Weber RJ

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteopetrosis is a hereditary disorder in which pathologic alteration of osteoclast resorption of bone results in thickening of cortical and lamellar bone. Before bone marrow transplantation, the infantile recessive form was uniformly fatal within the first two decades of life as a result of invasion of the marrow spa...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Manusov EG,Douville DR,Page LV,Trivedi DV

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Industrial carbon tetrachloride is used in the synthesis of chlorofluorocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Although both production and use of carbon tetrachloride are declining, industrial and hazardous waste sites remain as sources of exposure. Workers using carbon tetrachloride or products that contain it are at hig...

journal_title：American family physician

authors：

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although a rare entity, laryngeal tuberculosis must be a diagnostic consideration--along with laryngeal carcinoma--whenever patients present with prolonged hoarseness or painful dysphagia. This form of tuberculosis was once thought to be especially virulent and more infectious than other forms; however, severity was p...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Riley EC,Amundson DE

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preterm birth is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Although studies have been complicated by problems of definition and methodology, certain strategies have the potential to reduce both the incidence and the impact of preterm birth. These strategies include accurate assessment of gestational age, educat...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Lefevre ML

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Left ventricular hypertrophy is more common in hypertensive individuals than in normotensive persons. Its presence in hypertensive patients is associated with an increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke and cardiovascular mortality. Echocardiography is mor...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Graettinger WF,Weber MA

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrates are frequently found in vegetables and ground water. Nitrate levels in ground water have increased over the past two decades because of the heightened use of nitrogenous fertilizers. Following ingestion, nitrates are converted to nitrites by fecal organisms. Nitrites are absorbed and form methemoglobin, which...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Kross BC,Ayebo AD,Fuortes LJ

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transdermal nicotine systems are a useful adjunct to smoking cessation. The larger-sized nicotine patches provide steady-state replacement of approximately 50 percent of the average serum nicotine level obtained by smoking one to one and one-half packs of cigarettes a day. This level is sufficient to prevent many symp...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： McKenna JP,Cox JL

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrial fibrillation is associated with potentially life-threatening strokes. Anticoagulation with warfarin or aspirin reduces the risk of embolic events in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and mitral valve stenosis or other underlying heart disease. In patients with acute onset of atrial fibrillation, anticoa...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Deantonio HJ,Movahed A

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of Lyme disease is increasing, and the disease is spreading geographically. Prompt diagnosis requires recognition of characteristic signs and symptoms of infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. In more than half of cases, erythema migrans is the earliest sign of Lyme disease. Although less fr...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Schutzer SE

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Health promotion activities benefit the elderly as much as they benefit younger persons. Motor vehicle accident and pedestrian injuries can be reduced by encouraging seat belt use and identifying unsafe drivers. Both medical and environmental factors should be considered in the prevention of falls in the elderly. All ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Carethers M

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A systematic approach to the interpretation of ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings facilitates analysis and improves accuracy. The method suggested includes a mnemonic and a standardized interpretation form. The mnemonic facilitates recall of key technical and patient-specific parameters involved in the prepara...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Grauer K,Leytem B

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrofluoric acid is widely used in both industrial and household settings. The acid may cause insidious burns that can be very destructive. If the burns are not treated appropriately, the continued action of the free fluoride ion leads to liquefaction necrosis of the affected soft tissues, bony erosion and, ultimatel...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Mistry DG,Wainwright DJ

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ganglioneuroblastoma, although a rare neoplasm, is one of the most common causes of posterior mediastinal masses in children. This tumor occurs in children from one to 10 years of age. With intrathoracic involvement, the tumor may remain asymptomatic until it is large. The case reported illustrates a typical presentat...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Rivitz SM,Deluca SA

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New evaluation and management codes were created by the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) Editorial Panel to ensure more accurate and consistent reporting of physician services. The new hospital inpatient codes describe three levels of service for both initial and subsequent care. Critical care services are reporte...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Zuber TJ,Henley DE

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Contrast sensitivity vision testing is the new technology in visual screening. Easy to administer and quick to perform, contrast sensitivity vision testing appears to be cost-effective for use by family physicians. It is a more sensitive indicator of ocular disease than traditional Snellen acuity testing and may detec...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Block DJ,Bosworth MF

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Orofacial pain can have an inflammatory, neurologic or musculoskeletal cause. Inflammatory diseases include dental abscess, sinusitis, temporal arteritis, sialolithiasis and infections of the parotid gland. Common neurologic diseases that cause facial pain are trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, paratrig...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Manusov EG,Johnson R

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A throat culture is necessary for accurate diagnosis of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. The use of penicillin therapy in every patient with sore throat results in overtreatment of 85 percent of children and 95 percent of adults presenting to family physicians with the complaint of sore throat...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Pichichero ME

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A case of bilateral compression femoral neuropathy due to iliopsoas muscle hematomas during anticoagulant therapy is described. Diagnosis was confirmed with computed tomographic scan. The right hematoma was larger than the left and caused a more severe femoral neuropathy. The hematoma on the right side was surgically ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Niakan E,Carbone JE,Adams M,Schroeder FM

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proper suturing technique is essential for obtaining good cosmetic results and avoiding infection, scarring and poor wound healing. Techniques that must be mastered include good eversion of skin edges, avoiding suture marks, maintaining uniform tensile strength along the skin edges and precise approximation of skin ed...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Moy RL,Lee A,Zalka A

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:House calls can still serve many functions in the overall care of the patient. By improving the relationship between physician and patient, providing the physician with important information that can only be gained from a home visit and allowing the physician to remain active in the care of the homebound patient, hous...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Knight AL,Adelman AM

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prompt diagnosis of problems in the first trimester of pregnancy is facilitated by ultrasound scanning and quantitative serum human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone testing. When used appropriately, these tests can determine whether a patient has a normal early pregnancy, a miscarriage, a missed abortion, an ec...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Deutchman M

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gallstone disease is a major health problem in the United States and in most Western countries. During the past century, cholecystectomy has been the treatment of choice. Recently, new modalities of treatment have been developed, including oral dissolution therapy, extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy, percutaneous t...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Farha GJ,Beamer RL

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parathyroid hyperplasia is second only to adenoma as the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism. Symptoms are most likely to result from elevated serum calcium levels. Symptoms include nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. Studies that may help confirm a suspected diagnosis include ultrasonography, computed tomograp...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Kinney TB,Deluca SA

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The head and neck contain a number of spaces that can be invaded by organisms of the mouth or by spread of cervical osteomyelitis. Infection in these spaces may progress from superficial infection to cellulitis to the formation of an abscess requiring immediate drainage. Spread of infection between spaces depends on a...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Herr RD,Murdock RT,Davis RK

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a life-threatening complication of diseases and therapies associated with immunosuppression. Approximately 80 percent of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome will develop pneumocystis pneumonia. Diagnosis is important, because effective therapy is available. In most cases,...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Zackrison LH,Tsou E

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients who have been or may have been bitten by a snake should receive prompt and careful clinical and laboratory evaluation. Fang marks, pain and swelling are characteristic of pit viper envenomation. Although no therapy is universally accepted, a number of treatment plans appear to be effective. If envenomation ha...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Johnson CA

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The best condoms are made of latex, are lubricated and coated with a spermicide, and have a reservoir tip. Condoms can protect against conception and sexually transmitted diseases, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. When condoms are used properly and in combination with vaginal spermicidal foam, the contrac...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Vinson RP,Epperly TD

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Disposable soft contact lenses are an alternative to conventional extended-wear lenses and provide an acceptable margin of safety and convenience for the wearer. The lenses are worn for one to two weeks and then discarded. Buildup of tear film deposits is minimized, and the need for cleaning and disinfecting solutions...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： White GL Jr,Thiese SM,Olafsson HE,Lundergan MK

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00